Every organization, whether public or private has its own unique culture. Even in the same government of the same country, culture is different in each organization. It is said, “Every organization has a culture, that is, a persistent patterned way of thinking about the central tasks of and human relations within an organization. Culture is to an organization what personality is to an individual.” (James Q. Wilson) Harold Seidman referred to government organizations “with distinct and multidimensional personalities and deeply ingrained cultures and subcultures reflecting institutional history, ideology, values, symbols, folklore, professional biases, behavior patterns, heroes and enemies.”

Organization culture affects how organization and its members behave. Accordingly, the performance of specific organization is very much dependent on the culture of the specific organization. To ensure high performance of government organizations, it is crucially important to understand organization culture and its relations with the performance of organization and to build up or develop culture to improvement of performance. It is especially important in the time of rapid and wide ranging changes.